Among modern, distributed VCS systems, the closest VCS system to Mercurial is Git. Some differences between Mercurial and Git are the following:
- Multiple, built-in undo operations: Mercurial’s
revert
,backout
, androllback
commands make it easy to return to previous versions of specific files or previous sets of committed changes. Git provides a single built-inrevert
command with its typical rocket-scientist-only syntax. - Built-in web server: Mercurial provides a simple, integrated web server that makes it easy to host a repository quickly for others to pull from. Pushing requires either ignoring security or a more complex setup that supports Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).
- History preservation during copy/move operations: Mercurial’s
copy
andmove
commands both preserve complete history information, while Git does not preserve history in either case. - Branches: Mercurial automatically shares all branches, while Git requires that each repository set up its own branches (either creating them locally or by mapping them to specific branches in a remote repository).
- Global and local tags: Mercurial supports global tags that are shared between repositories, which make it easy to share information about specific points in code development without branching.
- Native support on Windows platforms: Mercurial is written in Python, which is supported on Microsoft® Windows® systems. Mercurial is therefore available as a Windows executable (see Resources). Git on Windows is more complex—your choices are msysGit, using standard git under Cygwin, or using a web-based hosting system and repository.
- Automatic repository packing: Git requires that you explicitly pack and garbage-collect its repositories, while Mercurial performs its equivalent operations automatically. However, Mercurial repositories tend to be larger than Git repositories for the same codebase.
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